Introversion and Extroversion Essay Example

Introversion and Extroversion Essay It is quite difficult to be able to strictly define a type of personality. Because each and every one of us is distinct and unique, we all have different personalities—different interpretations. The best we can do then is to describe a characteristic with as many adjectives or what-not’s. Introversion is the same. One of the more prominent figures who studied introversion and extraversion is Dr. C. J. Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist who has been known for taking unique approaches to his studies. He says that introversion or extraversion is a product of the combination of the five factors namely: intellect; disposition; temper; temperament; and character. These factors are all independent of one another and the combination of each one constitute to a certain personality. He then identifies introverts with William James’ tender thinkers and extroverts as tough thinkers. He then paints a clearer picture: †¦introverts are rationalists and system-makers, who care little for facts and forcibly fit data into their ideal constructions in accordance with their a priori premises; [the] extravert, on the other hand, cannot construct a system, is interested not at all in the inner life of man but only in objective facts, is positivist, determinist, fatalist, irreligious and skeptic. † Jung’s description may be overbearing or presumptuous. But it gives us a more definite idea who introverts and extraverts are. From the citation above, we find that in terms of int ellect, introverts are more likely to think rationally and create systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Introversion and Extroversion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introversion and Extroversion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introversion and Extroversion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In terms of disposition, they are accepting of what they had learned or had been taught in the past. In terms of the last three, they have difficulty exercising direct personal influence. They are absorbed in themselves and lack enthusiasm. The extrovert is said to be â€Å"interested only in the outer world, the introvert is said to shrink from it†. 1 In other words, extraverts are those who tend to live outside of themselves, whilst introverts find comfort living within themselves. There are many reasons why the personality trait of introversion and extroversion are theorized to develop. One theory is that this type of personality stems from the combination of the five factors, as stated above. Another places emphasis on the chemical make-up of a person’s body. It is said that extraversion and introversion may be caused by the rate of release of chemicals in the thyroid gland. Introversion is caused by the lack of or decreased rate of release. Extraversion is, therefore, the opposite—the increased rate of release. With the decreased chemicals, the brain resorts to mainly cerebral cortical activity on the lower nervous functions. This increase in cortical activity lessens spinal reflexes and affective or emotional functions of the thalamus region are heightened. This satisfies the commonly accepted notion of the introvert. These theories serve as basis also for other theories such as introversion and extraversion as a hereditary trait, and that environmental factors and external conditioning contribute to this personality trait. If in fact, introversion and extraversion were hereditary, the chemical theory would support this. By inheriting the thyroid glands and other genes that code for instructions in bodily operations, we would inherit the introversion or extraversion of our parents as well. If environmental factors and external conditioning were what defined introversion, Jung’s combination of personality factors would support this. The external environment influences personality and character, thus constituting to an effect of introversion or extraversion. Another factor that comes into play in the course of our research is the importance and process of developing interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal relations are no doubted essential for human existence. Philosophers will argue the importance of interpersonal relations. From the beginning of life, we already engage in interpersonal relations. It is in our culture, as in many cultures or ways of life of animals to be social in nature—to work and exist in groups. Our parents are our first contact with individuals other than ourselves. Even before we are born, we form a relation with our mothers. As we grow older, we seek an expansion of self. We do this through relations with other members of our family, our extended family and people outside of our family. Expanding oneself and building relations with others is done through communication, in which self-presentation or impressions are key. In order to be able to communicate properly, certain universals have to be present. Such universals manifest themselves in the language of emotions. The language or expression of emotions such as anger and happiness is said to be understood worldwide. Through the analysis and observation of such emotions, relations are formed. To facilitate conversation and communication, people try to control the impressions people have of them, also known as impression management. In order to do this, they alter their physical appearance, clothing, and make-up; alter the emotions and reactions they convey to suit the desires of the one whom they are communicating or trying to associate with. They also enact certain behavior and body language to form better impressions. People may even use props to be able to achieve the impression they want to convey. We may find that for the sake of self-expansion, people may go to such great extents to manage impressions. Today, we see such methods translated through technology—most evidently through the internet. Dr. C. J. Jung cited in â€Å"The Chemical Theory of Temperament Applied to Introversion and Extraversion† by William McDougall in Readings in Extraversion-Introversion: Theoretical Methodological Issues, H. J. Eysenck ed. p. 19; London: Wiley-Interscience 1970 â€Å"The Chemical Theory of Temperament Applied to Introversion and Extraversion† by William McDougall in Readings in Extraversion-Introversion: Theoretical Methodological Issues, H. J. Eysenck ed. p. 21-23 London: Wiley-Interscience 1970 â€Å"The Inheritance of Extraversion-Introversion† by H. J. Eysenck in â€Å"Readings in Extraversion-Introversion: Theoretical Methodological Issues†, H. J. Eysenck ed. , pp. 388-404; London: Wiley-Interscience 1970 Empirical Findings From Evolutionary Psychology in The Social Psychology of Personal Relationships, William Ickes and Steve Duch, ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2000 p. 19 The Nature of Self Expansion in â€Å"The Social Psychology of Personal Relationships†, William Ickes and Steve Duch, ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2000 pp. 130-137, 110-113

Writing a History Book Review

Writing a History Book Review There are several acceptable ways to write a book review, but if your teacher doesn’t provide you with specific instructions, you might feel a little lost when it comes to formatting your paper. There is a format used by many teachers and college professors when it comes to reviewing history texts. It isn’t found in any style guide, but it does contain aspects of the Turabian style of writing. Although it might seem a little strange to you, many history teachers like to see a full citation for the book you’re reviewing (Turabian style) at the head of the paper, right below the title. While it might seem odd to start with a citation, this format mirrors the appearance of book reviews that are published in scholarly journals. Below the title and citation, write the body of the book review in essay form without subtitles. As you write your book review, remember that your goal is to analyze the text by discussing the strengths and weaknesses- as opposed to summarizing the content. You should also note that it’s best to be as balanced as possible in your analysis. Include both strengths and weaknesses. On the other hand, if you think the book was either dreadfully written or ingenious, you should say so! Other Important Elements to Include in Your Analysis Date/range of the book. Define the time period that the book covers. Explain if the book progresses chronologically or if it addresses events by topic. If the book addresses one particular subject, explain how that event fits into a broader time scale (like the Reconstruction era).Point of view. Can you glean from the text if the author has a strong opinion about an event? Is the author objective, or does he express a liberal or conservative viewpoint?Sources. Does the author use secondary sources or primary sources, or both? Review the bibliography of the text to see if there is a pattern or any interesting observation about the sources the writer uses. Are the sources all new or all old? That fact could provide interesting insight into the validity of a thesis.Organization. Discuss whether the book makes sense the way it is written or if it could have been better organized. Authors put a lot of time into organizing a book and sometimes they just don’t get it right!Author inf ormation. What do you know about the author? What other books has he/she written? Does the author teach at a university? What training or experience has contributed to the author’s command of the topic? The last paragraph of your review should contain a summary of your review and a clear statement that conveys your overall opinion. It is common to make a statement such as: This book delivered on its promise because...This book was a disappointment because...This book contributed significantly to the argument that...The book [title] provides the reader with deep insight into... The book review is an opportunity to give your true opinion about a book. Just remember to back up a strong statement like those above with evidence from the text.

The Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Gulf Cooperation Council - Assignment Example However, other studies have found a stronger relationship between oil prices and stock market performance in GCC. Therefore, evidence shows a strong long-run relationship in Bahrain between oil price fluctuation and stock market performance that took the cue from oil prices. Other evidence also justifies that shocks attributable to volatility attract many concerns in GCC than shocks attached to oil price returns. In the subsequent discussion of this article, I, therefore, expand on the short and long-term relationship between stock market performance and oil price movement in the GCC countries. Â  The analysis of the relationships between stock market performance and oil price fluctuations is executed both at country and industry levels. The evidence shows that at the country level, with the exception of Kuwait, stock markets have great positive exposures to oil prices shocks. However, at the industry level, the reactions of industry-specific returns to oil price movements are greatly positive for 12 of the 20 countries studied. Therefore, oil price alterations indicate the asymmetric impact on stock market returns in the country alongside the industry level. Â